Beyond Carbon-Based Life Forms – How Different Could E. T. Be?

“We describe a bacterium, strain GFAJ-1 of the Halomonadaceae family, isolated from Mono Lake, California, which substitutes arsenic for phosphorus to sustain its growth. Our data show evidence for arsenate in macromolecules that normally contain phosphate, most notably nucleic acids and proteins. Exchange of one of the major bioelements may have profound evolutionary and geochemical significance.”

- Felisa Wolfe-Simon, Ph.D., Biochemist, USGS; NASA Astrobiology Institute

 

GFAJ-1 is a bacteria that can live without phosphorus, replacing it with arsenic. Photomicrograph source Science/AACS.
GFAJ-1 is a bacteria that can live without phosphorus, replacing it with arsenic. Photomicrograph source Science/AACS.
Researchers working in the harsh, arsenic-rich environment of Mono Lake, California, have discovered arsenic-eating bacteria called GFAJ-1 able to thrive and reproduce using arsenic, changing the fundamental knowledge about what comprises all known life on Earth. Mono Lake's large amount of toxic arsenic and very little phosphorus should kill Earth microorganisms, not make them thrive. But the GFAJ-1 bacteria grows and reproduces on an arsenic-rich diet and even has arsenic encoded in its DNA genome where phosphorus would normally be encoded. That means the GFAJ-1 organism in Mono Lake is radically different than other known Earth life.
Researchers working in the harsh, arsenic-rich environment of Mono Lake, California, have discovered arsenic-eating bacteria called GFAJ-1 able to thrive and reproduce using arsenic, changing the fundamental knowledge about what comprises all known life on Earth. Mono Lake's large amount of toxic arsenic and very little phosphorus should kill Earth microorganisms, not make them thrive. But the GFAJ-1 bacteria grows and reproduces on an arsenic-rich diet and even has arsenic encoded in its DNA genome where phosphorus would normally be encoded. That means the GFAJ-1 organism in Mono Lake is radically different than other known Earth life.

Updated  December 3, 2010  Washington, D. C.  - Today NASA held a much-awaited astrobiology press conference at its headquarters in Washington, D. C.  But instead of announcing that Mars has bacteria or watery moon Europa has marine life, the scientists reported finding an Earth-based bacteria called “GFAJ-1”  of the Halomonadaceae family in Mono Lake, California, that thrives on arsenic that would ordinarily poison and kill any multicellular life on this planet. In fact, arsenic is used to produce pesticides, herbicides and insecticides because it is so toxic. This is the first form of life known to be capable of growth in environments with little or no phosphorus.

 

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Part 3:  Naples, Florida Police Officer Watched Large, Oval Light Through Telescope

“My partner and I were pretty much in awe of all the colors going on and off inside that big, white light.”

- John DiDonato, Naples Police Officer

 

High-rises face the Gulf of Mexico in Naples, Florida.
High-rises face the Gulf of Mexico in Naples, Florida.

Return to Part 1.

 

December 1, 2010  Naples, Florida - At 3:26 AM Eastern, the Naples, Florida Police Dispatcher received a 911 call from a Naples resident who wanted to know what a bright, white light was over the Gulf not far from her 5-story-high condo. The woman said she had a telescope focused on the light and had seen it the previous two nights and she was becoming alarmed.

 

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Part 1: Mysterious, Glowing, Aerial “Gyroscopes” Over Florida’s Isles of Capri

“He said he was taking a boat home one of those nights and this huge, spinning, glowing thing came down over his boat, just hovered and scared the living daylights out of him.”

- Ann Hall, Columnist, Marco Island Sun Times

 

Marco Island and the nearby Isles of Capri are a little south of Naples, Florida (red circle) west of the Big Cypress National Preserve. Throughout 2010, there have been persistent sightings by many residents of a very large, bright, spinning light of unknown origin that some eyewitnesses compare to an aerial “gyroscope.”
Marco Island and the nearby Isles of Capri are a little south of Naples, Florida (red circle) west of the Big Cypress National Preserve. Throughout 2010, there have been persistent sightings by many residents of a very large, bright, spinning light of unknown origin that some eyewitnesses compare to an aerial “gyroscope.”
Isles of Capri is about 2 miles north of Marco Island's bridge on State Road 951. Isles of Capri include four mangrove islands in Johnson Bay, Tarpon Bay, the Marco River and the Gulf of Mexico. A road links the island cluster to mainland Florida.
Isles of Capri is about 2 miles north of Marco Island's bridge on State Road 951. Isles of Capri include four mangrove islands in Johnson Bay, Tarpon Bay, the Marco River and the Gulf of Mexico. A road links the island cluster to mainland Florida.

Aerial of Isles of Capri homes and boat docks.
Aerial of Isles of Capri homes and boat docks.

November 24, 2010  Isles of Capri, Florida south of Naples - On October 31, 2010, the Marco Eagle that serves the Florida community of Marco Island south of Naples, ran a story entitled “Starry Nights Unexplained Sights” by Tom Williams, author of the adventure novel "Lost and Found." Tom had interviewed Morgan Beall, the Florida State Section Director of the Mutual Unidentified Flying Object network known as MUFON. Since January 2010, MUFON and local police and fire authorities have received calls from many Naples, Isles of Capri and Marco Island residents about highly strange aerial lights that spin, form geometric patterns that keep changing and even one very large object of unknown origin that has been compared to a gyroscope because it has both horizontal and vertical bands of lights that spin around a central, bright, glowing center.

 

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Texas Nurse Has Close Encounter with Bizarre Non-Human

“They have to want something ... I just don't know what it is, but like there is something bigger coming.”

- Texas nurse

 

Brown tree bark-skinned entity with large, black, slanted eyes wearing a green skull cap banded with odd symbols at bedroom window of Texas couple on August 19, 2010. Illustration © 2010 by Texas nurse.
Brown tree bark-skinned entity with large, black, slanted eyes wearing a green skull cap banded with odd symbols at bedroom window of Texas couple on August 19, 2010. Illustration © 2010 by Texas nurse.

November 24, 2010  Dallas, Texas region - On November 6, 2010, I received an email from a nurse who works in a major medical center in the Dallas, Texas, region. She had seen me discussing the interactions of one or more non-human intelligences with Earth life on the History Channel television series, Ancient Aliens, now in its second season. She wrote:

 

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Dead and Dying Coral South of BP’s Gulf Oil Disaster Site

“Ninety percent of 40 large corals were heavily affected and showed dead and dying parts and discoloration.”

- Charles Fisher, Ph.D., Prof. of Biology, Penn State

Most of this coral skeleton seven miles southwest of the BP Macondo well disaster is dead and covered by brown, thick, gunk that most likely is residue of the gushing oil combined with all the dispersant chemicals dumped into the Gulf. Discovered during October 14 to November 4, 2010, NOAA Gulf of Mexico coral exploration conducted by Charles R. Fisher, Ph.D., Prof. of Biology, Penn State University. Image credit: Lophelia II 2010, NOAA OER and BOEMRE.
Most of this coral skeleton seven miles southwest of the BP Macondo well disaster is dead and covered by brown, thick, gunk that most likely is residue of the gushing oil combined with all the dispersant chemicals dumped into the Gulf. Discovered during October 14 to November 4, 2010, NOAA Gulf of Mexico coral exploration conducted by Charles R. Fisher, Ph.D., Prof. of Biology, Penn State University. Image credit: Lophelia II 2010, NOAA OER and BOEMRE.

November 23, 2010 University Park, Pennsylvania -  On April 20, 2010, the BP Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded. Eleven men working on the platform died and 17 others were injured. Over the next three months, some 53,000 barrels of crude oil per day gushed uncontrollably into the Gulf of Mexico from BP's exploratory Macondo well blowout a mile down on the sea floor. When a cap on the Macondo well finally worked on July 15, 2010, at least 4.9 million barrels (185 million gallons), combined with the controversial chemical dispersant called Corexit, had soiled the Gulf waters and covered birds and marine life with the slimy goo.

 

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ICBM Heavy, Concrete Silo Covers Moved Aside by Glowing Discs

“My father told me about the alarms they had (at Minuteman sites) because a missile silo had been breached, that the concrete covers that sit on top of the missiles were set off to one side, and the radioactive material in the warhead was dead.”

- Martin Cole, son of Boeing Minuteman engineer Alden Stockwell Cole

Boeing Bomarc and later Minuteman engineer Alden Stockwell Cole's Prime Secret W33-038 6th Army Area security clearance through Headquarters, Air Material Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio, in 1950s to 1960s.
Boeing Bomarc and later Minuteman engineer Alden Stockwell Cole's Prime Secret W33-038 6th Army Area security clearance through Headquarters, Air Material Command, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, Ohio, in 1950s to 1960s.

November 23, 2010 Whitefish, Montana   - When the United States decided to build Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missiles and place them in underground silos around Malmstrom AFB in Montana, Warren AFB in Wyoming and Minot AFB in North Dakota, one of the unsung heroes behind the scenes was a Boeing engineer named Alden Stockwell Cole. Alden Cole was born on March 10, 1922, in Portland, Oregon, and died on January 26, 1989, in Eugene, Oregon, at age 67. After high school graduation, Alden Cole began working for Boeing Aircraft Manufacturing Co. in Seattle, Washington, as a sheet metal worker in 1941.

 

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Part 3:  October 2010 Horse Mutilation in Sussex, England

Eastbourne, Sussex, England (bottom circle) is about 58 miles from London (upper circle) very near the English Channel coast.
Eastbourne, Sussex, England (bottom circle) is about 58 miles from London (upper circle) very near the English Channel coast.

 

Return to Part 1.

 

November 17, 2010   Eastbourne, Sussex, England - The same Sunday of October 24, 2010, that the mutilated cow in Montana and mutilated bull in Utah were found (Parts 1 and 2), on the other side of the world near Eastbourne, Sussex, England, a 2-year-old gelding was also found dead and mutilated around 9 AM. His body was 300 yards from the owners' house.

 

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Part 2:  October 2010 Cattle Mutilations – Utah 

“The testicle sac was dark with a black scorch mark like something really hot hit it.”

- Matt Montgomery, School Carpenter, Westpoint, Utah

 

Grouse Creek, Utah (upper left circle) is about 250 miles northwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, beyond the Great Salt Lake. Dugway Proving Ground, an Army facility in the grey area at bottom of map is about 85 miles southwest of SLC in southern Tooele County.
Grouse Creek, Utah (upper left circle) is about 250 miles northwest of Salt Lake City, Utah, beyond the Great Salt Lake. Dugway Proving Ground, an Army facility in the grey area at bottom of map is about 85 miles southwest of SLC in southern Tooele County.

Return to Part 1.

 

November 14, 2010   Westpoint, Utah - Matt Montgomery was born 28 years ago in Layton, Utah, and raised in Westpoint about 30 miles north of Salt Lake City. He works for the Davis School District as a carpenter. Every year when hunting season begins, he joins his brothers and father for a trip to the Goose Creek Mountain range. That's what they were doing on Sunday, October 24, 2010. It was about 2 PM when Matt, his dad and brother-in-law, a medical doctor, were driving about five miles north of Grouse Creek, a small town in northeastern Utah.

 

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Part 1:  October 2010 Cattle Mutilations – Montana 

“We are all baffled about how something like this could happen.  Nobody has any answers. It defies explanation.”

- Jon Lopp, Meagher County Sheriff, White Sulphur Springs, Montana

 

White Sulphur Springs in Meagher County, Montana, is 68 miles south of Great Falls and Malmstrom AFB where Minuteman nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) have been buried in silos as far as Judith Gap (map lower right). From the early 1970s onward, this region has had persistent cycles of animal mutilations.
White Sulphur Springs in Meagher County, Montana, is 68 miles south of Great Falls and Malmstrom AFB where Minuteman nuclear intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) have been buried in silos as far as Judith Gap (map lower right). From the early 1970s onward, this region has had persistent cycles of animal mutilations.

November 12, 2010  White Sulphur Springs, Montana - Sheriff Jon Lopp was born in Montana forty-four years ago and has spent half his life in law enforcement. He has been both the Sheriff and Coroner for Meagher (pronounced Mar) County in White Sulphur Springs, Montana, since July 2009. Before then, Jon was undersheriff for twelve years. Prior to October 28, 2010, he had never seen a mutilated animal. In a recent interview, Sheriff Lopp told me, “We are all baffled about how something like this could happen. Nobody has any answers. It defies explanation.”

 

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EARTHFILES