“Our carbon dioxide emissions are risking biological, chemical and climate changes of a magnitude that has not been seen for more than 50 million years. There was ecological devastation, but new species rose from the ashes. Luckily for us, our ancient primate ancestors were winners. Who knows who the winners and losers will be in the next go round?”
– Ken Caldeira, Ph.D., Carnegie Institution

December 7, 2006 Stanford, California – An extraordinary burst of global warming that occurred around 55 million years ago dramatically reversed Earth’s pattern of ocean currents. That global warming event is called the “Paleocene/Eocene Thermal Maximum,” or PETM.” Back then, Earth’s average surface global temperature rose rapidly by about 9 degrees Fahrenheit (5 degrees Celsius) in less than ten thousand years.Click for report.








